Moving Off – Safety
1. Press the clutch fully down and apply the foot brake before starting the car.
2. Select 1st gear, then release the handbrake.
3. Carry out a six-point observation check.
4. Check mirrors for traffic behind. If moving off from behind a parked car on the left, also check for oncoming traffic.
5. Check the blind spot again just before moving off and look ahead.
6. Signalling is not always needed unless traffic behind is waiting.
Pull Up on the Left – Normal Stop
1. Check mirrors, signal early, and press the clutch fully down.
2. Slow down smoothly and position close to the kerb. Avoid harsh braking.
3. Brake gently for up to 20 metres before stopping.
4. Once stopped, apply the handbrake immediately.
5. Select neutral and take both feet off the pedals.
6. Cancel the signal.
Meeting Traffic – Sharing Lane with Oncoming Traffic
1. Avoid meeting traffic where possible. Stop and check if the road is wide enough before sharing. Always check mirrors and blind spots before moving off.
2. About 100 yards before parked cars on your side, position closer to the centre line to improve your view and avoid confusing traffic behind.
3. About 100 yards before parked cars on the opposite side, position closer to the left to give space to oncoming vehicles.
4. Slow down early to around 10 mph. The closer you are to parked cars, the slower you should drive.
Emerging Right – End of Road
1. Check mirrors as soon as you intend to turn.
2. Signal right and move close to the centre line.
3. Approach in 1st gear with the clutch down. Change in 1st gear as soon as signal.
4. Watch the give-way line and stop close to it. Then check left and right for a safe gap.
5. Move forward until the car is near the kerb or hedge, then turn sharply to join the new road.
6. Straighten the steering when the car is parallel with the centre line.
7. Look ahead before applying gas.
8. Position correctly before checking the junction.
Turning Right – Major Road into Minor Road
1. Check mirrors early.
2. Signal right.
3. Use 2nd gear if confident and safe.
4. Use 1st gear with the clutch down if unsure or visibility is poor.
5. Position near the centre line if visibility is clear.
6. Position nearer the kerb if visibility is limited.
7. Brake gently until ready to turn; turn at under 15 mph.
8. Enter the new road near the centre, then move smoothly left into normal driving position.
Emerging Left – End of Road
1. Check mirrors early.
2. Signal left.
3. Approach in 1st gear with the clutch fully down. Change in 1st gear as soon as signal.
4. When you can no longer see the line, turn the steering wheel 180 degrees to the left.
5. Stop and check again if needed. Taking a second chance is safer than poor positioning.
6. Turn the steering to allow space for traffic behind turning right.
7. Join the main road and straighten the wheel when the car is parallel with the centre line.
8. Look ahead before applying gas.
9. Position correctly before fully checking the junction.
Turning Left – Major Road into Minor Road (Closed Junction)
1. Check mirrors.
2. Signal left.
3. Approach in 1st gear with the clutch fully down.
4. Turn slowly into the road, staying away from the centre line. Straighten the steering once parallel.
Turning Left – Major Road into Minor Road (Open Junction)
1. Check mirrors early.
2. Signal left within 20 metres of the turn.
3. Approach in 2nd gear.
4. Brake gently and turn at under 15 mph.
5. Start turning when the kerb is no longer visible.
6. Enter the road away from the centre line and straighten once parallel.
Roundabouts
1. Use 2nd gear for mini-roundabouts or 3rd gear if the roundabout is clear.
2. Use 1st gear if the roundabout is busy or traffic is waiting.
3. Start looking as soon as you brake and apply brake as soon as you signal.
4. Do not use gas while deciding.
5. Do not wait for other drivers to change their mind. Select 1st gear and stop if unsure.
6. Look before positioning at the roundabout. Decide within 2 seconds whether to stop or go.
7. Look in this order below:-
• First look at 3 o’clock traffic to see if you must stop. Look for reason to stop.
• Second look at 12 o’clock traffic to judge when to go. Focus more on traffic on the inside of the roundabout.
8. If 3 o’clock traffic is clear, look for a safe gap before 12 o’clock traffic.
9. Use the WWH Routine to look:
• When to look: As soon as braking starts
• Where to look: Right – 3 o’clock, then 12 o’clock
• How to look: Up to 2 seconds at a time.
10. Approach roundabout prepared to stop
Common Learner Driver Faults
1. Press the clutch only to change gear or stop.
2. Press the clutch down at least 20 metres before stopping to avoid juddering.
3. Look at the roundabout only when speed is below 20 mph.
4. Keep steering steady before checking mirrors, signalling, and changing gear.
5. Look road ahead to change gear to avoid drifting.
6. Giving way to stationary traffic can be a serious hesitation fault.
7. Correct positioning is difficult if steering is kept stable for too long.
8. Select 1st gear before stopping in traffic.
8. Do not forget to brake as soon as signal, to warn the following traffic.
Moving Off – Control
1. Move-off with Clutch: Lift the clutch until the car starts moving. Keep your heel on the floor to hold the biting point, then apply gas.
2. Move-off with Gas: Set gas above 2000 rpm. Increase gas slightly while lifting the clutch; stop lifting as soon as the car starts pulling. Keep RPM above 1500 to avoid stalling.
3. Stalling: Releasing the clutch too quickly to move off speedily will drop the RPM below 1500, causing the engine to stall.
Reverse Parallel Parking
1. Pull up on the left before the parked car without using mirrors.
2. Apply the handbrake and select neutral.
3. Adjust mirrors to see both door handles.
4. Move forward to line up with the parked car, then select reverse.
5. Turn the steering wheel one full turn to the left.
6. Reverse until the back door handle reaches the kerb.
7. Straighten the wheels and reverse until the marker (yellow ribbon on front handle) reaches the kerb. Check blind spots.
8. Turn full lock right and reverse until the car is parallel with the kerb using the small mirror.
9. Reverse slightly to check tyres and road surface.
10. Carry out all-round checks whenever you stop.
11. Stop for pedestrians and passing traffic.
12. Check left blind spot mirror and right blind spot while reversing.
Reverse Bay Parking – Right Side
1. Select 1st gear before entering the car park.
2. Do not drive over bay lines.
3. Press the clutch fully down unless speed is less than 4 mph.
4. Position close to the bay on the right without using mirrors.
5. Use the shoulder as the reference point in the centre of the space.
6. Adjust mirrors to see the marker (Magnet).
7. Turn full lock left and move forward until the marker (Magnet) meets the second inside bay line.
8. Turn full lock right and reverse until the car is straight in the bay using the small mirror.
9. Reverse until the front handle reaches the back line/kerb.
10. Open the door to check positioning.
11. Carry out all-round checks whenever you stop.
12. Check left blind spot mirror and right blind spot while reversing.
Reverse Right – Pull Up on the Right
1. Quickly check your mirrors and signal as soon as you are told to pull up on the right, ensuring it is a safe place.
2. Signal immediately to prevent following traffic from attempting to overtake.
3. Check for oncoming traffic and make sure the gap is wide enough to complete the manoeuvre safely.
4. Keep your signal on until you have completely stopped.
5. If you are giving way to oncoming traffic, stop in the same position you would when turning right at a junction. Select first gear before stopping and check your right blind spot before moving off.
6. Stop in a safe, convenient, and legal position, reasonably close to the kerb.
7. Secure the car once you have completed the pull-up on the right.
8. Wait for instructions to reverse approximately two car lengths.
9. Carry out the six-point check before reversing and keep your speed below 5 mph.
10. Check both blind spots every two seconds while reversing.
11. Reverse in a straight line.
12. If you notice you are reversing too wide, stop immediately and correct your position.
13. Stop and give way to oncoming traffic and pedestrians on the right pavement.
14. Ask the examiner if you have reversed far enough; stopping on driveways is allowed if safe.
15. Wait for instructions before driving on and re-joining the road.
16. Carry out the six-point check again before pulling away.
17. Check your left blind spot shortly before pulling away to re-join the road.
18. Steer sharply when re-joining the road.
19. A signal is not necessary when moving off if it is safe and no one will benefit from it.
Turning Right at a Crossroad – Near Side to Near Side
1. If oncoming traffic is turning right, move off slowly and stop just after the stop line. Position the car slightly angled to the right to clearly show your intention to turn “near side to near side.” Check for traffic coming from the left-hand lane and give way if necessary. If it is safe, proceed and turn right into the road.
2. If oncoming traffic is crossing straight ahead, move forward and position as you would for a normal right turn at a junction, then give way.
3. If oncoming traffic is turning left, move forward and position normally for a right turn at the junction and give way.